Wednesday, April 6, 2016

Impairments_09

Intellectual Disabilities
There is not one set definition for what an intellectual disability is
Definition one from the DSM-IV-TR: Identifies mental retardation as one of the categories of disorders diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence.
• Characteristics
o 1. Significant sub average general intellectual functioning (IQ less then 70)
o 2. Significant impairments in adaptive functioning (meeting levels of independence for their age, how they are able to cope in there surroundings at home or in community, and are they able to deal with life’s demands
o 3. Onset prior to age 18
• There are 4 severities and these depend on IQ
o Mild 50-55 to 70
o Moderate 35-40 to 50-55
o Severe 20-25 to 35-40
o Profound Below 20 or 25
• Most are in the mild intellectual disability and are found in elementary school when they fall behind on what other students are being able to do.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3RWbLl4bUk
• For those with moderate they make up 10% and are with delays in walking and talking and are found early on in life
• Severe and profound have very small percentage. Severe have functioning skills which allow them to manually communicate and to walk where profound usually have other impairments added to the intellectual impairment like seizure disorders and cerebral palsy.  
American association of intellectual and developmental disabilities or AAIDD Defines intellectual disability as deficits in various cognitive and adaptive ability areas.
• The three categories that defines someone having and intellectual disability
o Conceptual Skills- language, reading, writing, money concepts, and self-direction.
o Social Skills- interpersonal relations, responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, following rules and avoiding victimization.
o Practical Skills- Daily living activities, having a safe environment, and occupational skills which include leisure skills
They go beyond just using IQ to determine they look into:
1. Human development
2. Teaching and education
3. Home and Community living
4. Health
5. Safety
6. Behavioural
7. Social
8. Protection
9. Advocacy
Some mental impairments are considered to be developmental disabilities not intellectual disabilities even though they seem to fall under the same category… there are two distinctions between them 1. ID is usually presented at birth where DD can be any time up unlit 2. ID have to have a low IQ but not for DD.
There is not just one cause for a person to have Intellectual Disability
o Prenatal (before birth) chromosomal disorders, metabolic errors, brain formation disorders, and environmental issues like alcohol and drug abuse during pregnancy, and maternal diseases 
o Perinatal (28th week of pregnancy and goes till the 28 days after) head trauma at birth, abnormal delivery, and infection.
o Postnatal (any time before 18) head injuries, infections, degenerative disorders, seizure disorders, toxic-metabolic disorders, malnutrition, and familial environmental causes like child abuse/ neglect
Prenatal chromosomal disorder example could be Fragile X mutation to the x chromosome (most common type of ID) or Down Syndrome- this is when there is an extra chromosome, there are physical feature that are
What is fragile X?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auIwEV1SiBQ
Watch this to understand the characteristics of Down syndrome:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGZnO5Im5bM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEwv3Y6Lipo (Chelsea Werner- cool story) start at 40 sec.
Other Prenatal Head Disabilities
Microcephalus- small head (fetal alcohol syndrome)
Hydrocephalus- Large head to much cerebral spinal fluid accumulating in the vertebral of the brain. (Spina bifida) Fluid pressure damages the brain leading to ID.
General Characteristics of ID: Broad spectrum
Impaired intelligence
Impaired adaptive functions
Verbal and non-verbal communication are primary methods (gestures and grunts) 
Lack of social competency contributes to limited opportunities for inclusion
 Social functioning can be impaired but do not have to be if there is enough peer interaction
Do not have to have any outward signs of impairments
Could have emotional impairments
Delays in motor and verbal performance
Lack of body awareness
Low IQ
TR Purposed interventions: 
• Balanced leisure life style
• Decision making
• Leisure skills and resource development
• Participation is age appropriate activities
• Physical well being
• Community access
• Self-care
• Fundamental skills to leisure experiences
What we can do to be advocates -
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BURbLmQL1BE (Special Olympics) (Matthew’s story)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XXqr_ZSsMg&ebc=ANyPxKpzyuUMhW9NzxOmAXZrbkqFqI1JbYzZzuCTyuXYUUl-nHAHJunPrEW-1Ebl1Nb25oveG61Q2MTNNDmSpxk5X3eV03WucA (Fearless)

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